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░ Definition
Gamma hydroxybutyrate acid or GHB is a synthetic drug made from chemical substances used to clean electrical circuits. This drug comes in liquid form, powder, tablets and capsules.
GHB was first developed as a general anesthetic, but it did not work very well and its use as an anesthetic declined. Later, the observation that GHB may cause the release of growth hormone led some athletes and body-builders to take it to increase muscle development, as well as dietary supplement. It was before youngsters begin to use it frequently for leisure in parties and discos.
░ Effects of GHB
This drug, as alcohol, is a central nervous system depressant. The same doses can have variable effects in different people; feeling of euphoria or relaxing effect, perhaps just a sick sensation. Other possible symptoms are: dizziness, vomiting, seizures, drowsiness, even coma. GHB is especially dangerous when combined with alcohol; this mixture may be mortal, as has been recorded in the past.
░ The brain
Although GHB can be made in the laboratory, it is also produced normally in the brain through the synthesis of a neurotransmitter called GABA. Some of the greatest concentrations of GHB are found in the substantia nigra, thalamus and hypothalamus.
When GHB is ingested by a user, it affects several different neurotransmitter systems in the brain:
- It can increase acetylcholine levels.
- It can increase serotonin levels.
- It can reduce dopamine activity, especially in the basal ganglia. This action is probably the result of the inhibition of the release of dopamine from synaptic terminals.
- It can activate GABA receptors on neurons.
░ Important: Involuntary ingestion
GHB liquid is colorless, odorless and practically tasteless. This particularity makes it difficult to notice or to perceive, and makes it possible to be involuntary ingested. On January 16th, 1999, US were shocked by the story of Melanie and Samantha, two girls who had to be hospitalized in a comma when someone spilled GHB in their drinks. Melanie managed to recover, but Samantha passed away. A year later the possession of GHB was made illegal.
Circumstances that accompany to the involuntary consumption or poisoning have complicated to the extreme: the presence of GHB in cases of date rape has extended, in which the companion gives the drug to the victim into her drink.
More information (University of Washington) >>
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